The science

The risk is documented. Your exposure isn’t.

The research on firefighter occupational risk is settled and public. What has never existed is the individual record — the number for you, not the profession. OHPAH is that record.

The carcinogen reclassification

A Group 1 carcinogen.

In 2023, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified occupational exposure as a firefighter as a Group 1 carcinogen — its highest category, reserved for agents established as carcinogenic to humans. The associated risk elevations it reviewed:

  • +16% elevated bladder cancer risk associated with on-scene fire exposure.

    IARC 2023, Group 1 carcinogen reclassification.

  • +21% elevated prostate cancer risk.

    IARC 2023.

  • +58% elevated mesothelioma risk.

    IARC 2023.

Sleep & physical load

The burden beyond cancer.

Carcinogen exposure is not the only cost the job carries. Two of the most common are how often firefighters lose sleep and how often they carry musculoskeletal injury — the burdens OHPAH’s Sleep Debt Index and Work Intensity Index put a personal number on.

  • 51% poor sleep quality prevalence among firefighters.

    Khoshakhlagh et al. 2023.

  • 41% musculoskeletal disorder prevalence among firefighters.

    Khoshakhlagh et al. 2024.

These are population prevalence figures from peer-reviewed research — how common the burden is across the profession, not a prediction about any one person. OHPAH does not diagnose, predict, or assess fitness for duty. It documents.

Sources

Every claim, cited.

  1. IARC. Occupational exposure as a firefighter — Group 1 carcinogen classification. IARC Monographs, 2023.
  2. Khoshakhlagh et al. Poor sleep quality prevalence among firefighters, 2023.
  3. Khoshakhlagh et al. Musculoskeletal disorder prevalence among firefighters, 2024.
  4. National Volunteer Fire Council. State laws establishing presumption of firefighter cancer — 48 states and the District of Columbia, 2024.